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Q & A Email Auth · August 21, 2026

What's the difference between rua and ruf reports?

rua= (aggregate) reports are daily summaries showing message counts, source IPs, and pass/fail results in aggregate. They contain no email content. ruf= (forensic/failure) reports are near-real-time messages sent when individual emails fail — they may contain message headers and sometimes body excerpts. Most organizations use rua only: it gives full visibility without privacy exposure. ruf reports are rarely sent by major providers (Google and Outlook have largely stopped sending them) and some privacy regulations restrict using them.

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How to Read a DMARC Report (Aggregate XML Explained)
DMARC aggregate reports tell you exactly who is sending email as your domain, whether they pass authentication, and what action receivers took. Here's how to decode the XML and use it to harden your email setup.